(A) diagnostic
Clinical examination
1. Blood routine, urine routine, white blood cell count to normal or lower.
2. X-ray examination
3. Detection of humoral immune
4. Bacterial culture
5. Immunological detection of viral sexually transmitted diseases
Epidemic and during a pandemic may be the basis of clinical symptoms, diagnosis, however, sporadic cases of influenza should be integrated early epidemiological history, clinical manifestations, laboratory examinations comprehensive diagnosis.
1, epidemiological history: a unit or area during the prevalence of a large number of upper respiratory tract infection on the patient or hospital outpatient influenza patients increased significantly.
2, mild clinical manifestations.
3, laboratory tests
1) the total number of white blood cells normal or reduced, increased lymphocytes
2) from patients with nasopharyngeal secretions of influenza viruses isolated from
3) convalescent serum antibody titers increased four times higher than
4) airway epithelial cells in viral antigen-positive
5) The nasopharyngeal secretions by the proliferation of sensitive cells showed, after a generation of antigen positive
6) can be used RT-PCR detection of virus nucleic acid
Diagnostic classification
1) Suspected cases: clinical manifestations epidemiological history
2) confirmed cases: clinical epidemiological history check 2,3,4,5 pathogen in a laboratory.
(B) the differential diagnosis of
1, the common cold: a variety of viruses, mostly distributed in a slower onset, upper respiratory tract symptoms, systemic symptoms less. Cold commonly known as the common cold, also known as acute rhinitis or upper respiratory catarrh, catarrhal symptoms are the nasopharynx as the main performance. Adults are mostly caused by rhinovirus, times for parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, ECHO virus, Coxsackie virus. More abrupt onset, initial there throat, pharyngeal itching or burning sensation, the incidence the same time or a few hours later, may have sneezing, nasal congestion, flow of water-like nose, 2 ~ 3 days after thickening. Can be accompanied by sore throat, and sometimes makes hearing loss due to Eustachian tube inflammation can also occur in tears, taste retardation, shortness of breath, hoarseness, a small amount of cough. General non-fever and systemic symptoms, or only a low heat, discomfort, mild chills and headache. Examination showed nasal congestion, edema, there are secretions, mild throat congestion. If no complications, generally 5 to 7 days cured.
2, influenza type typhoid leptospirosis: multiple summer and autumn, there is history of exposure to infected water, the clinical addition to fever, the gastrocnemius muscle tenderness, inguinal lymph node swelling, tenderness, and laboratory tests can detect antibodies significantly coagulation test, if the antibody titer for 1:400 or more higher, considering the disease can be diagnosed by blood culture.
3, Streptococcus pharyngitis disease throat swelling, swollen tonsils, with purulent discharge, submandibular lymphadenopathy, WBC neutrophils increased, blood culture .
4, other viral respiratory infections such as parainfluenza virus, adenovirus infection to pass inspection to distinguish between pathogenic.
5, mycoplasma pneumonia and have to go through checks to distinguish between pathogenic.
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