Clinical manifestations of asthma－Google

1, symptoms and asthma-related symptoms are coughing, wheezing, difficulty breathing, chest tightness, sputum and so on. A typical performance is onset of sexual partners, there is the breath Wheezing dyspnea. Severe cases may be forced to take seats, or was sitting breathing, dry cough or a little bubble in a large number of white sputum, and even cyanosis, etc.. Asthma symptoms can onset within a few minutes, after a few hours to several days, with bronchodilators or self-mitigation. Most patients with early or mild to paroxysmal coughing and chest tightness, as the main performance. The lack of characteristic manifestations. The incidence of asthma is characterized by paroxysmal ①: When confronted with paroxysmal induced factor was increased. ② Time rhythm: usually at night or in the early onset or increased. ③ Seasonal: often in the fall and winter attack or increased. ④ reversible: anti-asthmatic drugs can often relieve symptoms, they can have a clear remission. Understanding of these characteristics is conducive to asthma diagnosis and differential diagnosis.
Second, physical examination may be no abnormal signs of remission. Exacerbation thoracic ectasia, percussion was too voiceless, most have a broad-based expiratory wheezing sound, breath extension. Severe asthma attack, often have trouble breathing, sweating, cyanosis, chest, belly abnormal movements, heart rate increased quickly, pulse and other signs of Qi.
Third, laboratory and other tests
(A) The blood routine examination attack may have increased eosinophils, but most obvious, such as concurrent infection may have increased white blood cell count, classify the proportion of neutrophils increased.
(B) of sputum smear examination can be seen under the microscope more eosinophils, eosinophil degeneration can be seen the formation of sharp edges crystallization (Charcort-Leyden crystals), mucus plug (Curschmann helix) and the transparent asthma beads (Laennec beads). If combined with respiratory bacterial infection, sputum smear Gram stain, cell culture and drug sensitivity test will help diagnosis and guide treatment of pathogenic bacteria.
(C) pulmonary function tests pulmonary function in remission most of them in the normal range. In an asthma attack, due to expiratory flow limitation, expressed as forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), the rate of one second (FEV1/FVC%), maximum mid-expiratory flow rate (MMER), exhale 50% and 75% vital capacity when the peak expiratory flow rate (MEF50% and MEF75%), and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) were reduced. Forced vital capacity may have less increase in residual volume, functional residual capacity and total lung capacity increased, the percentage of residual gas accounting for total lung capacity increased. After treatment can be gradually restored.
(D) blood gas analysis a serious attack of asthma may have hypoxia, PaO2 and SaO2 decreased PaCO2 can decline due to over-ventilation, pH values have increased, showing respiratory alkalosis. Such as severe asthma, the condition for further development of severe airway obstruction, may have hypoxia and CO2 retention, PaCO2 increased, the performance of respiratory acidosis. Such as hypoxia obviously, could be combined metabolic acidosis.
(E) chest X-ray can be seen early in the lungs during an asthma attack permeability brightness increase was over-inflated state; in easing over a period of no obvious abnormalities. Such as concurrent respiratory infections, lung markings can be seen to increase and inflammatory infiltration shadow. At the same time pay attention to, atelectasis, pneumothorax or mediastinal emphysema and other complications exist.
(Vi) detection of allergen-specific allergens can be used radioactive assay (RAST) Determination of specific IgE, serum IgE in patients with allergic asthma may be higher than the normal 2 to 6 times.