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1, symptoms and asthma-related symptoms are coughing, wheezing, difficulty breathing, chest tightness, sputum and so on. A typical performance is onset of sexual partners, there is the breath Wheezing dyspnea. Severe cases may be forced to take seats, or was sitting breathing, dry cough or a little bubble in a large number of white sputum, and even cyanosis, etc.. Asthma symptoms can onset within a few minutes, after a few hours to several days, with bronchodilators or self-mitigation. Most patients with early or mild to paroxysmal coughing and chest tightness, as the main performance. The lack of characteristic manifestations. The incidence of asthma is characterized by paroxysmal ①: When confronted with paroxysmal induced factor was increased. ② Time rhythm: usually at night or in the early onset or increased. ③ Seasonal: often in the fall and winter attack or increased. ④ reversible: anti-asthmatic drugs can often relieve symptoms, they can have a clear remission. Understanding of these characteristics is conducive to asthma diagnosis and differential diagnosis.
Second, physical examination may be no abnormal signs of remission. Exacerbation thoracic ectasia, percussion was too voiceless, most have a broad-based expiratory wheezing sound, breath extension. Severe asthma attack, often have trouble breathing, sweating, cyanosis, chest, belly abnormal movements, heart rate increased quickly, pulse and other signs of Qi.

The classic physiological reason that bronchial asthma, bronchial smooth muscle spasm and hypertrophy are the main pathological changes caused by asthma, but in recent years, the study concluded that in terms of pathogenesis, or in the impact of ventilation in the airway, airway inflammation and inflammation -induced airway remodeling may be more important than the smooth muscle spasm. In fact large, medium and bronchial cartilage ring of the ring-supporting force can be greatly limited the effect of airway smooth muscle spasm, but in small bronchi, airway smooth muscle spasm can still be induced by the more obvious bronchial stenosis. Is generally believed that airway inflammation in asthma patients with small airway-based, but Martyn recent studies have shown that airway inflammation in asthma patients can be found in large, small airway bronchial up to 20 multi-level alveolar, suggesting that the airways of asthma Inflammation is a broad and diffuse, and can involving the whole airway, usually the closer the lumen of the organizational level, the inflammatory injury of the more serious, so airway epithelial inflammatory injury is often the most serious.
About the nature of airway inflammation is still some controversy, there are allergic inflammation, neurogenic inflammation, viral and other infectious inflammation of the theory, according to airway inflammation in cell infiltration with eosinophils mainly Most Scholars tend to believe that the airway inflammation of asthma is allergic to. Also believe that allergen-induced immediate-phase asthmatic reactions, causing asthma causes airway obstruction to airflow in the main airway smooth muscle spasm; in allergen-induced late-phase asthmatic reactions, airway mucosa mainly in the main airway allergic inflammatory changes are allergic airway inflammation caused by inflammatory mucosal edema, hyperemia, exudation increase, or even caused the formation of mucus plug the airway obstructive changes in recent years through the right paragraph in the lungs in patients with asthma allergen bronchial provocation test before and after the pathological examination of bronchoscopy biopsy confirmed this.

The pathogenesis of asthma is not entirely clear. Most people believe that allergy, chronic airway inflammation, increased airway responsiveness and [4] autonomic dysfunction and other factors interact to participate in the pathogenesis of asthma.
(A) allergic reaction when allergens enter the body with allergies, the adoption of macrophages and T lymphocytes of the transmission, can stimulate the body's synthesis of B-lymphocyte-specific IgE, in combination with mast cells and basophils in the cell surface high-affinity IgE receptor (FcεR1). If the allergen re-entered the body, with mast cells and basophils surface IgE cross-linking, thereby precipitating a series of reactions within cells, so that the cells produce and release a variety of active media, leading to smooth muscle contraction, mucus secretion increased , vascular permeability and inflammatory cell infiltration. Inflammatory cells under the influence of the medium can also secrete a variety of media, so that increased airway disease, inflammatory infiltration increased, resulting in clinical symptoms of asthma.

The incidence of asthma complicated reasons, but mainly include two aspects, namely, asthma patients with physical and environmental factors. Patient's physical, including "genetic predisposition", immune status, psychological status, health status and other endocrine and subjective conditions is that the patient susceptible to asthma, an important factor. Environmental factors including allergens, irritant gases, viral infections, living area, room conditions, occupational factors, climate, drugs, exercise (hyperventilation), food and food additives, dietary habits, social factors and even economic conditions of staff may be led to the development of asthma is more important reasons.
Allergy-induced asthma, a group originally an important cause. Main points of inhaled allergens and food allergens allergens. Inhaled allergens mainly come from the living environment containing allergens of particulate matter, its allergenic components are mainly proteins and polysaccharides. Allergens invade the body can determine the way to lesions of the organ, due to air-borne particles can draw at any time in their lives and exists, is usually caused by inhalation of respiratory allergens and asthma attacks for children a major way.

Asthma is by a variety of cells, especially mast cells, eosinophils and T lymphocytes participate in the chronic airway inflammation; in susceptible persons [1] Such inflammation can cause recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and / or cough and other symptoms, mostly in night or early morning; such symptoms often accompanied by extensive and varied expiratory flow limitation, but can be part of natural treatment to ease or relieve; such symptoms accompanied by airway right increased reactivity of a variety of stimulating factors.
Asthma is recognized worldwide as a medical problem, was the World Health Organization as a chronic disease, one of the four. December 11, 1998, in Barcelona, Spain at the second session of the World Asthma Society of the opening day, the Global Initiative for Asthma, GINA Commission and the European Respiratory Society has undertaken on behalf of the World Health Organization World Asthma Day activities, and the same day as the first a World Asthma Day. From 2000 onwards, related events are held each year, but after World Asthma Day in May each year set the first Tuesday, rather than December 11.

急性發作期的治療急性發作的治療目的是盡快緩解氣道阻塞，糾正低氧血症，恢復肺功能，預防進一步惡化或再次發作，防止並發症。一般根據病情的分度進行綜合性治療。
　　1．脫離誘發因素處理哮喘急性發作時，要注意尋找誘發因素。多數與接觸變應原、感冒、呼吸系統感染、氣候變化、進食不適當的藥物（如解熱鎮痛藥，β受體拮抗劑等）、劇烈運動或治療不足等因素有關。找出和控制誘發因素，有利於控制病情，預防復發。

哮喘抗炎藥
抗炎藥 或稱作控制病情的藥物。由於哮喘的病理基礎是慢性非特異性炎症的，所以控制慢性氣道炎症，是哮喘的基本治療，對哮喘長期理想的控制起到重要的作用。常用的藥物是吸入的糖皮質激素和色酮類藥物。一些新的藥物，如白三烯調節劑、長效β2激動劑和控釋型茶鹼也有一定的抗炎作用。

支氣管舒張藥，此類藥除主要作用為舒張支氣管，控制哮喘的急性症狀。
　　1． β2激動劑：β2激動劑藥物有數十個品種，可分成三代。 ①第一代：非選擇性的β2激動劑，如腎上腺素、麻黃素和異丙腎上腺素等，因其心血管副作用多而已被高選擇性的β2激動劑所代替。 ②第二代：選擇性短效的β2激動劑，如沙丁胺醇（salbutamol）、特布他林（terbutaline）和酚丙喘寧（fenoterol）等，作用時間4～6小時，對心血管系統的副作用明顯減少。 ③第三代：新一代長效的選擇性β2激動劑，如（salmeterol）、福米特羅（Formoterol）和丙卡特羅（procaterol）等。作用時間>12小時，尤其適用於夜間哮喘。但部分藥物（如沙美特羅）起效時間較慢。總的來說，β2激動劑是緩解急性發作的症狀的第一線藥物，以第二代藥物最常用。第三代藥物主要用於與吸入激素聯合應用，起到穩定氣道，減少發作的作用。

哮喘成功的治療
成功的哮喘治療的目標：

支氣管哮喘嚴重度
支氣管哮喘的分期和嚴重度分級：