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流行性感冒 - 臨床表現
（一） 概述

　
洗鼻法：以清潔溫水兌不含碘的優質食鹽，濃度為0.9%。通常以4.5克鹽兌500毫升溫水。灌入專門的洗鼻用具，如洗鼻壺中，分別對兩邊的鼻孔進行沖洗，直到鼻腔無異物為止。此法可重複數次，以保持鼻腔無過多分泌物為度。

流行性感冒是流感病毒引起的急性呼吸道感染，也是一種傳染性強、傳播速度快的疾病。其主要通過空氣中的飛沫、人與人之間的接觸或與被污染物品的接觸傳播。典型的臨床症狀是：急起高熱、全身疼痛、顯著乏力和輕度呼吸道症狀。一般秋冬季節是其高發期，所引起的並發症和死亡現象非常嚴重。
該病系流感病毒引起，病毒屬正粘病毒科，直徑80-120nm，球形或絲狀。流感病毒可分為甲（A）、乙（B）、丙（C）三型，甲型病毒經常發生抗原變異，傳染性大，傳播迅速，易發生大範圍流行。

(A) General symptomatic treatment of bed rest, more water, to give liquid or liquid diet, appropriate nutrition, vitamin supplements, eating after the warm water or warm salt water gargle to keep nose clean, systemic symptoms, when I anti-infection treatment.
(B) an early application of antiviral treatment can reduce the amount of virus detoxification, inhibit viral replication, reducing the clinical symptoms, and prevent the spread of the virus down the respiratory tract lead to complications such as pneumonia.

(Hereinafter referred to as bird flu influenza A (H5N1) virus (Avian influenza virus)) from the avian influenza virus strains caused by certain subtypes of acute respiratory infection. In May 1997, China's Special Administrative Region 1 cases of three year-old child died of unknown causes multiple organ failure, the same year, eight menstrual U.S. Center for Disease Control and Prevention and the World Health Organization (WHO) National Influenza Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands identified as avian A influenza virus, human influenza caused by H5N1, which is the world's first confirmed H5N1 avian influenza A viruses infect humans. Successively after the H9N2, H7N7 subtype H5N1 infection in humans and reports of re-infect humans.
Influenza referred to as influenza, is caused by influenza virus, commonly acute respiratory infectious diseases, spread of strong, Changcheng endemic, when the population of the new variant strain of influenza virus is still a lack of immunity, may lead to a global pandemic, which is characterized by sudden onset and rapid spread, 1918 ~ 1919 have occurred in a very wide range of world-wide pandemic, causing 20 million deaths.

[Symptoms]
1, school-age children and adolescent children: adults showed similar to the typical cold, seizures and even faster.

(A) diagnostic
Clinical examination

(A) Overview
Typical influenza begins abruptly: The incubation period is a few hours to 4 days, usually 1 to 2 days; high fever, body temperature can reach 39 ~ 40 ℃, with chills, general continued to 2 ~ 3 days; systemic symptoms of poisoning weight, such as fatigue, headache , dizziness, body aches; lasted longer, the body temperature normal fatigue and other symptoms that last 1 to 2 weeks; respiratory catarrhal symptoms of mild, often sore throat, a small number of nasal congestion, runny nose, etc.; a small number of nausea, vomiting , loss of appetite, diarrhea, abdominal pain. A small number of patients with gastrointestinal symptoms as the main performance. The elderly, infants and young children, there is a heart and lung disease or those receiving immunosuppressive therapy after suffering from flu can develop pneumonia.

Nasal washing method: to clean up the warm water of high quality against the non-iodine salt, the concentration of 0.9%. Usually against the 4.5 grams of salt 500 ml warm water. Poured into the nose washing special items such as washing pots in the nose, respectively, on both sides of the nose to flush until the nasal cavity without foreign body up. This method can be repeated several times to keep the nasal secretions of degrees without too much.
Hand-washing method: Apply ordinary soap or a germicidal soap, scrub hands and parts. And then recycle the water flows clean hands.

Influenza is an influenza virus-induced acute respiratory infections, is also a kind of contagious, spread faster than disease. The main through the air in droplets, inter-personal contact or contact with contaminated objects spread. The typical clinical symptoms are: Taiwan stay high fever, body pain, significant weakness and mild respiratory symptoms. Generally fall and winter season is its high-fat period, caused by the phenomenon of very serious complications and death.
Department of the disease caused by influenza virus, the virus is Orthomyxoviruses Branch, diameter 80-120nm, spherical or filamentary. Influenza viruses can be divided into A (A), B (B), C (C) 3 type, frequent antigenic variation of influenza A virus, infectious big, and spread rapidly, high incidence of large-scale epidemic.